 Open channel flow: definition, elements of flow, computation.  Energy and momentum principles in open channel flow: specific e nergy and specific force, critical flow, Channel transitions, hydraulic jump.  Hydraulic models: dimensional analysis and hydraulic similitude,methods ofinvestigation on scale models, model building.  Closed-conduit flow: head loss equation, energy and pressure grade lines, laminar flow in pipes.  Network design and analysis. Hydraulic machines: pumps and turbines  types, velocity triangles, work done, efficiency, specific speed, and performance characteristics.  Pump – pipe systems.  Introduction to water hammer analysis

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